PSMA1 and glioma: In terms of metabolic functions, changes in NAD+ as well as NAD+/NADH ratios showed similar results as in U87 and U251, NAD+ and NAD+/NADH ratios in glioma stem cells are effectively reduced by MDHDH, and again, downregulation of PSMA1 reversed this result (NAD+: GSCU251 vs. OE MDHDH GSCU251: P= 0.0026, GSCU251 vs. OE MDHDH + siPSMA1 GSCU251: no significance; NAD+/NADH ratio: GSCU251 vs. OE MDHDH GSCU251: P= 0.0061, GSCU251 vs. OE MDHDH + siPSMA1 GSCU251: no significance; Supplementary Figure S10E).