AGT and diabetes mellitus: The specific mechanism of these effects is not clear, but the possible mechanisms include [52] increasing insulin secretion by decreasing the hepatic clearance of insulin, attenuating the pernicious effect of angiotensin II on the pancreas (such as vasoconstriction, apoptosis, and β-cell death), improving pancreatic blood flow [53], improving insulin resistance by enhancing adipocyte differentiation, and reducing inflammation to improve DM-related metabolism [46, 54] by inhibiting angiotensin II.