PTEN and renal fibrosis: 2020). In renal fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy model, injury to the kidney or cultured human kidney proximal tubular cells results in the down-regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates the protein kinase B (Akt) (An et al. 2022). Activation of Akt signaling can inhibit profibrotic signaling pathways, renal inflammation response and epithelial cell trans-differentiation, subsequently alleviates renal fibrosis (Lan and Du 2015).