ALK and cancer: argued that although they concluded that cancer treatment with immunotherapy either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy undoubtedly had contributed to the decrease in population-level mortality, and substantially improved survival from NSCLC in the United States (US), the decline in mortality accelerated before immunotherapy was widely used, but occurred after routine testing for EGFR and ALK mutations was recommended in 2013, and the corresponding TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors)-targeted therapy was introduced in the US (15).