As demonstrated in Figures 3A,B, the MPTP treatment promoted a dose dependent increase of iNOS expression and nitrite release (Figure 3C), together with the significant increase in the ratio NF-kB(p65)/NF-kB (Figures 3A,D), resembling the NF-κB translocation observed in rat astrocytoma cell line (Niranjan et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).