NFKB1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): We then confirmed that the MPTP-dependent pro-inflammatory phenotype was induced by the nuclear translocation of NF-κB as previously elucidated in rat astrocytoma cells and in a mouse model of MPTP-PD (Dehmer et al., 2004; Niranjan et al., 2010; Ghosh et al., 2018).