To determine whether inflammasome priming occurs in PKD, the relative transcript levels of ten inflammasome sensors known to promote Caspase-1/inflammasome activation, as well as CASP1 and IL1B, were assessed first in the kidneys of ADPKD patients vs. non-cystic human kidneys (NHK) (Figures 1A–D). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.