While there are non-canonical Caspase-1-independent mechanisms of generating the extracellular presence of IL-1β and IL-18, these mechanisms operate primarily under inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils are the primary infiltrate (Afonina et al., 2015; Netea et al., 2015), which is not the case in cystic kidneys of ADPKD patients (TAF, unpublished). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.