The malignant transformation process of normal intestinal epithelium-precursor lesion-CRC involves two distinct carcinogenesis pathways: the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway(70–90%) characterized by Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation, chromosomal instability, and lack of CpG island hypermethylation; and the alternative/serrated neoplasia pathway(10–20%) characterized by BRAF mutation, chromosomal stability, and high CpG island hypermethylation (Dekker et al., 2019). Here, APC is linked to adenoma.