Aβ also activates astroglial nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and complement signaling, impairing synaptic density and dendritic morphology (Lian et al., 2015), and increases astrocyte generation of inflammatory mediators such as, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in response to scavenger receptor ligands (Murgas et al., 2012) and LPS (Forloni et al., 1997), contributing to the neurodegenerative changes seen in AD (Sajja et al., 2016). Here, IL1A is linked to Alzheimer disease.