E2F1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Previous studies have found that FOD can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells, block the G0/G1 cell cycle, induce apoptosis, and down-regulate AKT/mTOR and CDK2-E2F1 pathways in HCC cells, and inhibit the growth of mouse xenograft tumors (Chen et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2021).