G6PD deficiency is very common among the Karen and Burman populations along the Thailand–Myanmar border (9%–18% in males12), where it is associated with an increased risk of developing NH requiring phototherapy both in G6PD-deficient (over fourfold13) and in heterozygous females (over twofold5) as compared with wild-type genotype neonates. This evidence concerns the gene G6PD and G6PD deficiency.