In a univariate logistic regression analysis (Table 4), we found that age (per increase of 5-year), exacerbations during the preceding year, neutrophil count (per increase of 1 × 109/L), lymphocyte count (per increase of 1 × 109/L), a BUN/ALB ratio of  ≥ 0.249, pH < 7.35, pH > 7.45, and PaO2 < 60 mmHg, a history of CHF were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is congestive heart failure.