PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In a cohort of individuals from the UK and Finland, the rs762623 variant within CDKN1A was found to be significantly associated with the progression of NAFLD.290 Additionally, multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have verified that the rs738409 variant in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene is associated with NAFLD progression.291 Epigenetic DNA methylation has also been verified to be associated with NAFLD progression.