The senescence of β-cells leads to β-cell dysfunction, which impairs insulin secretion and the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism.270 Telomere attrition is a hallmark of aging and is also a surrogate marker of senescent β-cells in T2DM.271 In pancreatic β-cells from T2DM patients, the telomere length is shortened, which may impair the proliferation and insulin secretion of β-cells.272 In mice with short telomeres, insulin secretion and glucose intolerance are impaired. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.