SNCA and Parkinson disease: To date, ~20 genetic mutations have been associated with PD, including missense mutations in SNCA (α-syn), PARK7, and LRRK2 and missense mutations or loss-of-function mutations in PINK1, PRKN, PLOG, and GBA.221,222 Therefore, recent pharmacological developments have focused on restoring striatal dopamine levels through gene- and cell-based approaches, and α-syn aggregation and cellular transport have been identified as the therapeutic targets with the greatest potential.223