Moreover, the senescence-associated hallmarks of endothelial cells, including p53 acetylation and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, are significantly upregulated.239 Accumulating evidence suggests that increased expression of p53 and p16, which are markers of aging, can induce cellular senescence and atrial fibrillation. Here, TP53 is linked to atrial fibrillation.