SASP factors secreted by senescent cells include pro-proliferation factors such as IL-6 and IL-8,489 tissue angiogenic remodeling factors such as VEGF and CXCL5,490,491 and pro-cancer metastasis and invasion factors such as MMPs and GDF-15.492,493 These factors drive tumorigenesis by creating a chronic inflammatory microenvironment that supports cancer growth, disrupting the extracellular matrix and promoting tissue vascular remodeling effects. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and cancer.