We aimed to compare high-dose and low-dose hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat regimens versus WHO's standard of care (ie, MMPs containing 12·0 mg of iron daily) in young children (aged 6–23 months) living in areas with a high prevalence of anaemia in The Gambia, representing the age group most at risk of iron deficiency. Here, HAMP is linked to anemia (phenotype).