INS and Glucose intolerance: Previously we have shown that C57BL6/J mice exposed acutely to a high fat, high sugar (HFHS) diet, beginning 1 week before and during pregnancy have normal glucose tolerance prior to mating (d0), but exhibit glucose intolerance, decreased beta cell numbers, and decreased serum insulin levels at mid (d13.5) and late (d17.5) gestation [21].