XBP1 and autoimmune hepatitis: When compared to the AIH group, pCLD livers had significantly lower gene expression of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway genes IRE1α, XBP1s, and EDEM1 by 78%, 77% and 67% (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively) (Fig 5A), although ERdj4 gene expression was similar (Fig 5A).