ALB and cardiovascular disorder: During the univariate analysis, age 70 years or older, male sex, ASA class III, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, TBil level > 250 μmol/L, albumin level < 35 mg/L, eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, preoperative biliary drainage, operative time > 300 min, and intraoperative estimated blood loss >1000 ml were significantly associated with AKI development.