AHR and celiac disease: Lamas et al. (2020) identified a potential pathogenic mechanism related to the impaired production of AhR ligands by the gut microbiota in CD. A recent study has been found that tryptophan metabolism in patients with potential CD is lower than in both CD and HC groups. The altered metabolic profile of patients with potential CD suggested that gluten intolerance was evident at the metabolic level before intestinal damage (Upadhyay et al., 2022).