Early research indicates that MSC-derived exosomes influence multiple signaling pathways, including Zonula Occuldens-1 (ZO-1), annexin-1 (ANXA1), and inteleukin-6 (IL6), TNF-α, mitogen-activated protein kinases, originally called extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TNFR2/NF-κβ) pathways, which may aid in the healing process of various IBD complications. Here, NFKB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.