It has been reported that in CHMP5-deficient glioma cells, both the granzyme B/perforin apoptotic pathway and the apoptosis-inducing factor-mediated necrosis pathway are activated, independently of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways (Shahmoradgoli et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene PRF1 and central nervous system cancer.