The adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1)-mediated A-to-I editing is correlated with a poor prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients,9 and promotes LSC self-renewal and CML progression (Fig. 1C).10 The m5C modification in RNA is deposited by m5C methyltransferases (RCMTs), including NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family and DNA methyltransferase homologue (DNMT2), oxidized by TET proteins,27 and recognized by Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1)28 (Fig. 1D). The gene discussed is NOP2; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.