MAPK8 and Cognitive impairment: In addition to its effect on neurodegeneration, JNK is activated in a model of chronic senescence in response to chronic administration of D-galactose, an effect that is alleviated by glycine can alleviate the JNK signaling cascade, D-galactose-induced oxidative stress neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment (Ullah et al., 2020).