In addition, molecular pathways related to cardiac rhythm and contraction are altered in ALL survivors, which is indicated by KEGG terms ‘arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy’, ‘axon guidance’ or ‘neurotrophin signaling’, which is essential for normal cardiac rhythm through the regulation of cardiac Ca2+ cycling (Feng et al. 2015; Fulgenzi et al. 2015; Miwa et al. 2013). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.