In pancreatic cancer, SHh indirectly promotes tumor angiogenesis by inducing Ptch1 and Gli1, thereby inhibiting two enriched stroma-derived antiangiogenic factors (THBS2 and TIMP2), and directly promotes tumor angiogenesis by activating small GTPases of the RHO family in the presence of VEGF [346]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.