GLI1 and melanoma: Noncanonical crosstalk: the specific signaling cascade described in the previous mechanism, like RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and TGFβ [139, 140], upregulates Gli activity and promotes tumorigenesis (i.e., melanoma [221, 222], bladder cancer [223, 224], clear cell renal cell carcinoma [225], and HCC [226]).