ATF3 and Hepatic steatosis: Wild-type mice with ATF3 inactivation in the livers via AAV8-mediated gene transfer and mice treated with control virus were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD) to induce hepatic steatosis, liver damage, and fibrosis35 (Figure 5A, 5B, S6A, and S6B).