VEGFA and infection: Although animal models of and human patients with TB generally report high VEGFA levels, there are few studies that center on VEGFA induction in cell culture infection models.21 Through high-resolution time lapses and reporter lines, we found that vegfaa induction generally does not occur until the formation of initial granulomas and is generally correlated with the appearance of extracellular bacteria that could be recognized by incoming, likely uninfected macrophages.