Given the strong dynamic changes in cell–cell interactions in the process of infection, we next analyzed their effects on integral signaling pathways among the three groups and observed that among the chemokines and interferon signaling pathways, the CCL cluster, IL‐6, the CXCL cluster, type I interferon (IFN‐I), and tumor necrosis factor were activated after acute infection (Figure S10C). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.