GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the 26 target genes showed that the target genes of hUCMSCs for the treatment of T1DM were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as insulin resistance, regulation of insulin secretion, etc. (Fig. 4C, D), associated with the function of regulating insulin secretion to repair pancreatic tissue damage. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.