JUN and periodontitis: Besides that, it has been found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is crucial for the migration and polarization of macrophages [38–40] In periodontitis, Akt2/JNK1/2/c-Jun signaling pathways was reported to modify the inflammatory status of periodontal by regulating macrophages polarization [41].