KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: In some studies, ellipsoid-fit method was used to calculate prostate gland volume to assess the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) in predicting PCa, which provided greater reliability than the alternative methods20,21; it may be preferable to use the ellipsoid-fit method to determine the 3D measurement of prostate tumour to assess the PI-RADS v2.1 scores, as proposed in the current study.