Altogether, these observations raise the question of whether there are two distinct pathologic conditions intercepted by the first PSA-triggered MRI-informed biopsy, which would lead to two clinical scenarios; one is associated with the early detection of csCa in small prostates not undergoing significant age-related growth, and the other is where sampling of already enlarged prostates identifies, on occasion, insignificant disease that either remains stable or progresses over several years while prostatic enlargement continues. Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.