TNF and liver disorder: During activation, HSCs lose the ability to express hepatocyte growth factor but they do produce several other growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, that participate in the initiation and progression of liver disease [46].