TNF and Alzheimer disease: In an in vitro AD model, EVs derived from SHSwe cells can be internalized by microglia, and induce acute and delayed microglial up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and other pro-inflammatory factors that cause neuroinflammation, through delivery of miR-155, miR-146a, miR-124, miR-21 and miR-125b to the microglia [87].