GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Next, to examine CAR-dependent and CAR-independent cytotoxicity, which characterizes the target-antigen specificity, iCAR-TCTL, iCAR-TILC and pCAR-TCTL were co-cultured with GPC3-absent SK-Hep-1(SK-Hep-Vector), K562 (leukaemia cell line), GPC3-present SK-Hep-GPC3, KOC7c (ovarian cancer cell line) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) (Fig. 2e).