AR and prostate carcinoma: Therefore, targeting the remaining DNA repair pathways exhibits greater anti-cancer efficacy, leading to prolonged survival of DDR defected patients via the synthetic lethality approach [17]; (2) androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway remains active in CRPC or ABI/ENZ-resistant patients, which activates the transcriptional expression of several DDR-related proteins in prostate cancers [18, 19].