We investigated the effect on FLS of cytokines commonly presented in the inflammatory joints of patients with RA, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), IFN‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐4, transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.