Subsequent H&E staining, TUNEL assays, and IHC analyses of tumor sections showed that TSM-1 treatment also led to an increase in necrotic tumor lesions, apoptotic-positive cells, a decrease in the number of proliferating cells, and reduced STAT3 protein expression (Supplemental Figures 12–14), indicating the proapoptosis and antiproliferative effects of TSM-1. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and neoplasm.