Afterward, mice were given ART with either rapamycin or DMSO control for 4 weeks, as outlined in Figure 3A. After HIV infection, and prior to rapamycin treatment and ART, we observed gradual elevation of exhaustion marker PD-1 (Supplemental Figure 2A, 0–8 weeks; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.159136DS1) and ISG MX1 (Supplemental Figure 2B, 0–8 weeks) in the blood of infected animals as expected. This evidence concerns the gene MX1 and HIV infectious disease.