FOXO3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition, a study of hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrated that CDK9 inhibition reduced SIRT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3, and inhibited FOXO3 activity and BNIP3 transcription, thereby blocking the activation of PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy (Yao et al., 2021).