Proof-of-concept results on the applicability of this approach to a-HCFs (isolated from atrial samples of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy) was also performed with the aim to mimic early-stage atrial cardiac fibrotic tissue in vitro: immunostaining for F-actin, α-SMA, Fibronectin, Laminin, and Tenascin, was performed after decellularization, on 2D and 3D PCL/polyDOPA/G scaffolds cultured for 3 weeks with a-HCFs (Supplementary Figure S6). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is ischemic cardiomyopathy.