SPTB and gestational diabetes: Vaginal L. paragasseri/gasseri, Streptococcus, and Proteobacteria increased the risk of sPTB in the non-GDM group but not in the GDM group (Table 2), suggesting the antagonism of vaginal taxa (L. paragasseri/gasseri, Streptococcus, and Proteobacteria) and GDM on sPTB.