The presence of vaginal L. paragasseri/gasseri (aOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.24-7.84), Streptococcus (aOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.68-7.65), and Proteobacteria (aOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.55-7.39) increased the risk of sPTB in the non-GDM group but not in the GDM group (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene SPTB and gestational diabetes.