IL33 and asthma: Lastly, among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, p38 MAPK subgroup is most involved in airway and lung inflammation underlying asthma and p38 MAPK signaling has shown to regulate cytokine production in IL-33 stimulated ILC2 (52, 53), effect of estrogen on MAPK family of kinases (p38, ERK 1/2, and JNK and PI3-K) in ILC2 warrants investigation.