Other marketed PDE inhibitors in respiratory disorders include PDE 4-selective roflumilast, approved by the FDA (Daliresp®, 2011) and EMA (Daxas®, 2010) in COPD; PDE 4-selective ibudilast, marketed in Japan and several other Asian markets for the use in asthma as Ketas® and Pinatos®, and non-selective enprofylline, marketed in asthma as Nilyph®. Here, ALDH7A1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.