Roffe et al. (2010) found that HF inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in muscle cells was due, at least in part, to HF-dependent activation of ERK, JNK and p38. Zeng et al. (2017) suggested that HF treatment robustly suppressed the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, but didn’t effluence ERK activation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. However, Li et al. (2021) demonstrated that HF inhibited cancer cell proliferation by downregulating ERK phosphorylation in lung cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and hydrops fetalis.