TSC1 and autism: In most patients, TSC1/2 mutations impact central nervous system function, resulting in infantile seizures, intractable epilepsy, and TS-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND), including autism, attention deficits, intellectual disability, and mood disorders (Shepherd and Stephenson, 1992; de Vries and Watson, 2008; Chu-Shore et al., 2010; Bolton et al., 2015; de Vries et al., 2015; Kingswood et al., 2017; de Vries et al., 2018; Cervi et al., 2020).