According to the previous studies, rare deleterious variants in ACVRL1 are expressed in approximately 0.9%–12.9% childhood-onset PAH (Levy et al., 2016; Zhu et al., 2018a; Eyries et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2019; Haarman et al., 2020; Abman et al., 2022). Here, ACVRL1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.