The pediatric studies reveal a higher carrier frequency of ACVRL1 variants in Asian childhood-onset PAH than that of predominantly Europeans (6.1%–12.9% vs. 0.9%–2.6%) (Chida et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2018a; Zhang et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2019; Haarman et al., 2020). The gene discussed is ACVRL1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.