Interestingly, TNF is generally recognized to inhibit or kill tumor cells through multiple links, TNF receptors (TNFR), especially TNFR1, have been found to be upregulated in a variety of tumors, such as ovarian cancer (Le Page et al., 2006), renal clear cell carcinoma (Diegmann et al., 2006) and acute myeloid leukemia (Brouwer et al., 2001). Here, TNF is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.