HSPA5 and infection: In addition to lamina breakdown at the INM adjacent to the vAC (Marschall et al., 2005; Hamirally et al., 2009; Kuny et al., 2010; Milbradt et al., 2010), the perinuclear space enlarges during infection and increases in permeability, with binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and possibly SUN domain proteins involved (Buchkovich et al., 2010; Klupp et al., 2017).