VEGFA and liver dysplastic nodule: The main biological mechanisms of microvascular complications include advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, polyol pathway activation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses (e.g., activation of NF-kB, adipokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines), hemodynamic alterations (e.g., RAAS activation) and growth factors overexpression (e.g., VEGF is one of the most important factors in the progression of DR and DN).