The RNA helicase and MHC class III gene, BAT1, has been identified as an anti-inflammatory gene in diseases such as Chagas cardiomyopathy, Plasmodium vivax malaria, multiple sclerosis, and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus by the modulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 expression (12–14, 36). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.