Mechanistically, a variety of different armed oncolytic strategies have been explored, with particular success observed in strategies introducing immune-stimulating genes (such as T-Vec has an insertion of human GM-CSF in both copies of the ICP34.5 gene within HSV-1) and tumor-damaging genes (such as the insertion of tumor-suppressor genes or RNA interference to regulate oncogenes) (43–45). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.